Ricardo SotoBroderick CrawfordFrancisco Gonzalez MolinaOlivares, RodrigoRodrigoOlivares2025-12-082025-12-082021-01-0110.1109/access.2021.30871392-s2.0-85110668075https://cris-uv-2.scimago.es/handle/123456789/7843WOS:000673103300001The cryptanalytic resistance of modern block and stream encryption systems mainly depends on the substitution box (S-box). In this context, the problem is thus to create an S-box with higher value of nonlinearity because this property can provide some degree of protection against linear and differential cryptanalysis attacks. In this paper, we design a scheme built on a human behavior-based optimization algorithm, supported with Self-Organizing Maps to prevent premature convergence and improve the nonlinearity property in order to obtain strong 8 \times 8 substitution boxes. The experiments are compared with S-boxes obtained using other metaheuristic algorithms such as Ant Colony Optimization, Genetic Algorithm and an approach based on chaotic functions and show that the obtained S-boxes have good cryptographic properties. The obtained S-box is investigated against standard tests such as bijectivity, nonlinearity, strict avalanche criterion, bit independence criterion, linear probability and differential probability, proving that the proposed scheme is proficient to discover a strong nonlinear component of encryption systems.enacceso abiertoComputer Science, Information SystemsComputer ScienceEngineering, Electrical And ElectronicEngineeringMaterials ScienceTelecommunicationsarticle