Romina AhumadaCarlos Allende PrietoAndrés AlmeidaFriedrich AndersScott F. AndersonBrett H. AndrewsBorja AnguianoRiccardo ArcodiaEric ArmengaudMarie AubertSantiago AvilaVladimir Avila-ReeseCarles BadenesChristophe BallandKat BargerJorge K. Barrera-BallesterosSarbani BasuJulian BautistaRachael L. BeatonTimothy C. BeersB. Izamar T. BenavidesChad F. BenderMariangela BernardiMatthew BershadyFlorian BeutlerChristian Moni BidinJonathan BirdDmitry BizyaevGuillermo A. BlancMichael R. BlantonMédéric BoquienBorissova, JuraJuraBorissovaJo BovyW. N. BrandtJonathan BrinkmannJoel R. BrownsteinKevin BundyMartin BureauAdam BurgasserEtienne BurtinMariana Cano-DíazRaffaella CapassoMichele CappellariRicardo CarreraSolène ChabanierWilliam ChaplinMichael ChapmanBrian CherinkaCristina ChiappiniPeter Doohyun ChoiS. Drew ChojnowskiHaeun ChungNicolas ClercDamien CoffeyJulia M. ComerfordJohan ComparatLuiz da CostaMarie-Claude CousinouKevin CoveyJeffrey D. CraneKatia CunhaGabriele da Silva IlhaYu Sophia 昱 Dai 戴Sanna B. DamstedJeremy DarlingJames W. DavidsonRoger DaviesKyle DawsonNikhil DeAxel de la MacorraNathan De LeeAnna Bárbara de Andrade QueirozAlice Deconto MachadoSylvain de la TorreFlavia Dell’AgliHélion du Mas des BourbouxAleksandar M. Diamond-StanicSean DillonJohn DonorNiv DroryChris DuckworthTom DwellyGarrett EbelkeSarah EftekharzadehArthur Davis EigenbrotYvonne P. ElsworthMike EracleousGhazaleh ErfanianfarStephanie EscoffierXiaohui FanEmily FarrJosé G. Fernández-TrincadoDiane FeuilletAlexis FinoguenovPatricia FofieAmelia Fraser-McKelviePeter M. FrinchaboySebastien FromenteauHai FuLluís GalbanyRafael A. GarciaD. A. García-HernándezLuis Alberto Garma OehmichenJunqiang GeMarcio Antonio Geimba MaiaDoug GeislerJoseph GelfandJulian GoddyVioleta Gonzalez-PerezKathleen GrabowskiPaul GreenCatherine J. GrierHong GuoJulien GuyPaul HardingSten HasselquistAdam James HawkenChristian R. HayesFred HeartyS. HekkerDavid W. HoggJon A. HoltzmanDanny HortaJiamin HouBau-Ching HsiehDaniel HuberJason A. S. HuntJ. Ider ChithamJulie ImigMariana JaberCamilo Eduardo Jimenez AngelJennifer A. JohnsonAmy M. JonesHenrik JönssonEric JulloYerim KimKaren KinemuchiCharles C. Kirkpatrick IVGeorge W. KiteMark KlaeneJean-Paul KneibJuna A. KollmeierHui KongMarina KounkelDhanesh KrishnaraoIvan LacernaTing-Wen LanRichard R. LaneDavid R. LawJean-Marc Le GoffHenry W. LeungHannah LewisCheng LiJianhui LianLihwai 暉 Lin 林俐Dan LongPenélope Longa-PeñaBritt LundgrenBrad W. LykeJ. Ted MackerethChelsea L. MacLeodSteven R. MajewskiArturo ManchadoClaudia MarastonPaul MartiniThomas MasseronKaren L. 論 Masters 何凱Savita MathurRichard M. McDermidAndrea MerloniMichael MerrifieldSzabolcs MészárosAndrea MiglioDante MinnitiRebecca MinsleyTakamitsu MiyajiFaizan Gohar MohammadBenoit MosserEva-Maria MuellerDemitri MunaAndrea Muñoz-GutiérrezAdam D. MyersSeshadri NadathurPreethi NairKirpal NandraJanaina Correa do NascimentoRebecca Jean NevinJeffrey A. NewmanDavid L. NideverChristian NitschelmPasquier NoterdaemeJulia E. O’ConnellMatthew D. OlmsteadDaniel OravetzAudrey OravetzYeisson OsorioZachary J. PaceNelson PadillaNathalie Palanque-DelabrouillePedro A. PalicioHsi-An PanKaike PanJames ParkerRomain PaviotSebastien PeiraniKarla Peña RamŕezSamantha PennyWill J. PercivalIsmael Perez-FournonIgnasi Pérez-RàfolsPatrick PetitjeanMatthew M. PieriMarc PinsonneaultVijith Jacob PoovelilJoshua Tyler PovickAbhishek PrakashAdrian M. Price-WhelanM. Jordan RaddickAnand RaichoorAmy RaySandro Barboza RemboldMehdi RezaieRogemar A. RiffelRogério RiffelHans-Walter RixAnnie C. RobinA. Roman-LopesCarlos Román-ZúñigaBenjamin RoseAshley J. RossGraziano RossiKate RowlandsKate H. R. RubinMara SalvatoAriel G. SánchezLaura Sánchez-MenguianoJosé R. Sánchez-GallegoConor SayresAdam SchaeferRicardo P. SchiavonJaderson S. SchimoiaEdward SchlaflyDavid SchlegelDonald P. SchneiderMathias SchultheisAxel SchwopeHee-Jong SeoAldo SerenelliArman ShafielooShoaib Jamal ShamsiZhengyi ShaoShiyin ShenMatthew ShetroneRaphael ShirleyVíctor Silva AguirreJoshua D. SimonM. F. SkrutskieAnže SlosarRebecca SmethurstJennifer SobeckBernardo Cervantes SodiDiogo SoutoDavid V. StarkKeivan G. StassunMatthias SteinmetzDennis StelloJulianna StermerThaisa Storchi-BergmannAlina StreblyanskaGuy S. StringfellowAmelia StutzGenaro SuárezJing SunManuchehr Taghizadeh-PoppMichael S. TalbotJamie TayarAniruddha R. ThakarRiley TheriaultDaniel ThomasZak C. ThomasJeremy TinkerRita TojeiroHector Hernandez ToledoChristy A. TremontiNicholas W. TroupSarah TuttleEduardo Unda-SanzanaMarica ValentiniJaime Vargas-GonzálezMariana Vargas-MagañaJose Antonio Vázquez-MataM. VivekDavid WakeYuting WangBenjamin Alan WeaverAnne-Marie WeijmansVivienne WildJohn C. WilsonRobert F. WilsonNathan WolthuisW. M. Wood-VaseyRenbin YanMeng YangChristophe YècheOlga ZamoraPauline ZarroukGail ZasowskiKai ZhangCheng ZhaoGongbo ZhaoZheng ZhengZheng ZhengGuangtun ZhuHu Zou2025-04-132025-04-132020-06-2510.3847/1538-4365/ab929e2-s2.0-85088298365https://cris-uv-2.scimago.es/handle/123456789/1847WOS:000571811200001Abstract This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library “MaStar”). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17).enacceso abiertoAstronomy And AstrophysicsSpace And Planetary Sciencearticle