Introduction: There are reported benefits of abdominal wall blocks in robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).However, the evidence regarding the type of technique used is scarce.Objetive: To assess whether the type of blockade used is associated with the intensity of immediate postoperative pain (at 1 and 2 hours of follow-up) in patients undergoing RAPN.Methods: Retrospective cohort study, where anonymous records of adult patients undergoing RAPN in a hospital were analysed.Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for categorical variables.Logistic regression models were addressed to assess the association of the covariates of interest with postoperative pain at one and two hours of follow-up.Results: Preliminary results of ongoing study, 240 patients were analysed (64% received a blockade).No significant differences were found between the use (and type) of abdominal wall blockade and the pain category reported.In the multivariate analysis, no significant differences were found with degrees of obesity, type of abdominal wall blockade, for postoperative pain at one and two hours of follow-up.Conclusions: Our results suggest a lack of association between the different types of abdominal wall blocks with the intensity of immediate postoperative pain (at one and two hours).Similarly, no associations were found with other variables of interest.Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential utility of blocks in robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy.

Después de un proceso legislativo de más de dos años, se ha promulgado en la República de Chile la Ley N° 21.383 (14 de octubre de 2021), que modifica la Carta Fundamental con el objeto de incorporar la protección de las personas frente al desarrollo científico y tecnológico, concretamente en su dimensión "cerebral". Esta reforma constitucional es reflejo de la preocupación por la forma en que el avance neurotecnológico podría impactar en la sociedad, cuestión que ha impulsado el surgimiento de una doctrina orientada a proteger los bienes jurídicos que se verían amenazados en este contexto, expresándose en el concepto de "neuroderechos" . El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre las bases conceptuales y jurídicas del mensaje contenido en el proyecto que da origen a esta primera reforma constitucional a nivel mundial para proteger los "neuroderechos", así como sobre el texto mismo de la norma recientemente promulgada.

El presente estudio buscó adaptar lingüística y culturalmente el cuestionario de autovaloración vocal norteamericano Voice Handicap Index (VHI) al español chileno. Para esto se realizaron cuatro traducciones directas del VHI al español chileno de forma independiente. Luego, se consensuó una traducción general (TG) a partir del juicio de tres profesionales de la fonoaudiología. Esta TG fue traducida inversamente al idioma original para ser comparada con la versión original por el mismo grupo de profesionales de la fonoaudiología, llegando a la primera versión del Índice de Desventaja Vocal Chileno (IDV-Cl). Esta versión fue aplicada a veinte personas con diagnóstico de disfonía, considerando una escala Likert de frecuencia. Durante la adaptación, se consideró pertinente dejar constancia de las consignas no comprendidas o que resultaron inapropiadas culturalmente para el vocabulario chileno. De acuerdo con las observaciones recogidas, se revisó y modificó el instrumento, dando paso a la segunda versión del IDV-Cl, que fue aplicada a seis personas con diagnóstico de disfonía. En esta etapa no se plantearon nuevas sugerencias de cambio. El IDV-Cl refleja la versión original del inglés, tanto en la cantidad de ítems, como en los subcomponentes físico, funcional y emocional que lo conforman. Mediante la síntesis de esta encuesta se pudo obtener también una versión abreviada, que consta de diez ítems (IDV-Cl-10). En conclusión, se establece la equivalencia cultural y lingüística del cuestionario VHI en español chileno, del que se origina la versión IDV-Cl e IDV-Cl-10.

The digestion efficiency of liquid industrial wastes increases when using bioreactors colonized by microbial biofilms. High concentrations of proteins derived from the fish processing industry lead to the production of ammonia, which inhibits methane production. Two bioreactors were constructed to compare methanogenic activity: one enriched with mMPA (methylaminotrofic methane production archaea) consortia (control bioreactor), and the second with NH3tolerant consortia (treatment bioreactor). Ammonia tolerant activity was assessed by applying an ammonia shock (755 mg NH3/L). Methane production, consumption of total organic carbon (TOC) and the taxonomic composition of bacteria and archaea was evaluated using 16S rDNA in the acclimatization, ammonia shock, and recovery phases.The ammonia shock significantly affected both methane production and the consumption of TOC in the control reactor (p< 0.05) and taxonomical composition of the microbial consortia (OTU). These values remained constant in the treatment reactor. The analysis of biofilm composition showed a predominance of Methanosarcinaceae (Methanomethylovoranssp., and probably two different species ofMethanosarcinasp.) in bioreactors. These results demonstrate that using acclimated biofilms enriched with ammonia tolerant methanogens control the inhibitory effect of ammonia on methanogenesis.

La Formación Técnica Profesional en Chile es un factor relevante en la formación para el trabajo, orientado a mejorar las capacidades laborales de los estudiantes en concordancia con el sector productivo y el desarrollo del país. Incorporarla, requiere una oferta formativa articulada: trayectorias educativas de un nivel a otro. Se analiza el proceso de articulación existente, probando el impacto social, económico y de empleabilidad, utilizando un método mixto para el análisis de los datos. Cuantitativamente, aplica un cuestionario a los encargados de registro curricular y una escala Likert a los egresados de los Centros de Formación Técnica. Cualitativamente, realiza una revisión documental de las instituciones educativas, que son parte de la investigación y entrevistas a los tomadores de decisiones de la política pública y directores académicos. Los resultados: un real impacto social, económico y de empleabilidad. Conclusiones. Relevar los beneficios respecto de una población de estudiantes social y económicamente vulnerables cuya única opción de acceder a la formación superior es a través de mecanismos de articulación.

Since December 2019, the world has faced the rapid spread of a new virus: SARS-CoV-2.Originating in Wuhan, it has spread quickly to hundreds of countries in the five continents, becoming a pandemia as of March 2020.We confront a highly contagious virus, capable of collapsing healthcare systems.Nearly 2% of infected individuals worldwide are children.They are usually asymptomatic, thus playing an important role in viral transmission.Less frequently, they can become critically ill.In this article we describe the epidemiology, available to this date, of COVID-19 in the pediatric population.This information will enable to suspect and detect possible COVID-19 (+) cases in the perioperative period and plan ahead patient management and protection of healthcare providers.Twenty-five to 30% of COVID-19 (+) cases worldwide occur in healthcare workers.It is for this reason that special personal protection equipment (PPE) must be used, together with usual contact and droplet precautions.Anesthesia procedures that involve airway management can produce infectious aerosol.In order to reduce risks, we make a series of recommendations on perioperative management of children at this time of pandemia, which are to be complemented with those already released by the Chilean Society of Anesthesiology (SACH). RESUMEN

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Este trabajo pretende fundamentar desde la didáctica y la estética la inclusión del visionado de películas en las aulas de derecho. Mediante el análisis de la película “Tony Manero” (2008) del director Pablo Larraín, se abordarán, en primer lugar, las características que posee la clase magistral trascendente como espacio abierto a distintos intervinientes, medios y saberes (en contraste con la clase magistral meramente expositiva), para luego presentar la teoría de Jacques Rancière sobre el régimen estético del arte que, en su aplicación al cine, se funda en lo que él llama la “tragedia en suspenso”. Esta conjunción interdisciplinaria nos dará la pauta para volver a comprender fenómenos pertenecientes al Derecho (la violencia en este caso) en su total complejidad, permitiendo así la emancipación intelectual del estudiante y del espacio de enseñanza-aprendizaje.

Introduction: the use of closed infusion systems for the administration of intravenous fluids has shown a notable impact on reducing Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI); however, their adoption in Chile remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to assess the role of closed infusion systems in preventing CLABSI. Methods: a rapid literature review was conducted, consulting databases such as Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, SciELO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and BVS. The searches were carried out in the Spanish, English, and Portuguese languages; only studies with a quantitative approach were included, with no time limit and that answered the research question. The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care criteria were utilized to analyze the level of evidence and grade of recommendation. Results: out of the nine articles reviewed, 11 % presented Level IA evidence, and 88,9 % presented evidence and a recommendation grade of IIB, indicating that patients receiving intravenous fluids through open containers are at a two to five times higher risk of developing CLABSI compared to those using closed systems. Conclusion: the employment of closed systems for the administration of intravenous fluids via CVC is associated with a significantly lower risk of acquiring CLABSI compared to the use of open systems. This finding underscores the necessity of promoting the use of closed infusion technologies as a preventative measure in the clinical setting

Abstract The quantitative use of stable isotopes (SIs) for trophic studies has seen a rapid growth whereas fatty acid (FA) studies remain mostly qualitative. We apply the Bayesian tool MixSIAR to both SI and FA data to estimate the diet of three sympatric predators: the crabeater ( Lobodon carcinophaga ), Weddell ( Leptonychotes weddellii ) and leopard seal ( Hydrurga leptonyx ). We used SI data of their vibrissae and FA data of their outer blubber to produce comparable diet estimates for the same individuals. Both SI and FA models predicted the same main diet components, although the predicted proportions differed. For the crabeater seal, both methods identified krill, Euphausia superba , as the main, and almost exclusive, food item, although the FA model estimated a slightly lower proportion, potentially due to the low lipid content of krill compared to the fish species used in the model. For the Weddell seal the FA model identified the fish Pleuragramma antarcticum as the most important prey, whereas the SI model was not able to distinguish among prey species, identifying a ‘fish-squid’ group as the main diet component. For the leopard seal, both models identified krill as the main contributor; however, the predicted proportions for the secondary sources differed. Although vibrissae and outer blubber may not represent the same timeframe, the use of MixSIAR with FA data provides diet estimates comparable to those obtained with SI data, thus, both approaches were complimentary. The use of both biotracers offers a feasible option to study diets of wild animals in a quantitative manner.

Introduction: Afaf Meleis's Transitions Theory addresses how multidimensional transitions impact individuals' health and well-being, emphasizing the importance of properly managing these transitions. This study aims to critically and reflectively describe this theory by analyzing its strengths, limitations, usefulness, and significance in nursing education. Method: Chinn and Kramer's theory analysis methodology was used. The description was based on publications from 1994 to 2010, and a critical reflection was performed by searching for evidence in PubMed and CINAHL between 2015 and 2021. The MeSH descriptors "Nursing Theory," "Models," and "Nursing" were used, along with the keywords "Transition" and "Transition Theory Meleis," resulting in a total of 16 selected articles. Results: The Transitions Theory has several strengths and limitations. Among its strengths are its high generalizability and accessibility, allowing for application in various clinical and educational contexts. However, the theory has limited semantic clarity and is complex, which may hinder its full understanding and application. Conclusions: The theory is highly valued in nursing education, providing a valuable theoretical framework for understanding and addressing student transitions. Its application allows for incorporating lived contexts into the educational process, creating equitable and student-centered learning environments. More research is needed in Latin America to evaluate its usefulness and adapt it to regional contexts, promoting meaningful learning both in the classroom and in clinical practice.

Three metal-organic framework (MOF)-based photoanodes were prepared by deposition on TiO 2 nanotubes using Ti as substrate (Ti/TiO 2 NT): i) Ti/TiO 2 NT-Au@ZIF-8, ii) Ti/TiO 2 NT-Ru 3 (BTC) 2 , iii) Ti/TiO 2 NT-UiO-66(Zr)NH 2 . These photoanodes were characterized by FEG-SEM, EDX and DRX. The analyses showed a successful modification and a high homogeneity of the different MOFs on the Ti/TiO 2 NT surface. The photoanodes were studied in the degradation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) in a spiked secondary effluent from a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (MWWTP). Sodium diclofenac (DCF), sulfamethazine (SMT) and carbamazepine (CBZ) were used as CECs at low concentration (200 μg/L each CEC). The samples were preconcentrated using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and analyzed by a HPLC-DAD system. The MOF-based photoanodes exhibited a high photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity towards the oxidation of CECs, achieving up to 50%, 70% and 80% of removal using Ti/TiO 2 NT-Au@ZIF-8, Ti/TiO 2 NT-UiO-66(Zr)NH 2 , Ti/TiO 2 NT-Ru 3 (BTC), respectively. The influence of the generation of hydroxyl radical was then studied. The results indicate that PEC degradation using Ti/TiO 2 NT-Ru 3 (BTC) 2 and Ti/TiO 2 NT-UiO-66(Zr)NH 2 is more affected by the concentration of the radical.

Abstract BACKGROUND High water consumption and the toxic pollutants found in industrial wastewater are key challenges in achieving a more sustainable development. In this sense, it is crucial to develop sustainable ways to reduce the organic pollutants found in wastewater and to promote its reuse. RESULTS In this study, a simple, low‐cost, and environmentally friendly path for dairy wastewater decontamination through photocatalysis using rod‐shaped α‐Fe 2 O 3 /TiO 2 type II heterojunctions is reported. The photoreaction of the model solution was evaluated under UVA‐visible irradiation with different amounts of α‐Fe 2 O 3 over TiO 2 , lactose as pollutant concentrations, Cl − and SO 4 2− anions effects, and oxidant ambient showing up to 42% lactose degradation without the addition of oxidant ambient. Optimized parameters (1.0%wt α‐Fe 2 O 3 /TiO 2 , [catalyst] = 0.5 g L −1 , [lactose] = 0.7 g L −1 , [H 2 O 2 ] = 10 mM, [O 2 ] = constant) were used on dairy wastewater, which showed a 63% total organic carbon reduction and a 56% chemical oxygen demand reduction. The composite was easily recovered by decantation with a turbidity reduction of ~ 99%. The photocatalyst reusability was assessed over three successive uses and it maintained its activity with a loss of only 10%. CONCLUSION This study offers a promising approach for the development of innovative sustainable nanotechnology to efficiently degrade organic pollutants commonly found in dairy wastewater and improve its quality within a shorter timeframe. Our approach could contribute to the development of efficient and cost‐effective complementary technologies for the Sequencing Batch Reactor in the treatment of dairy wastewater, thus contributing to the sustainability of the dairy industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Una lista actualizada de las especies de sifonóforos de Colombia fue compilada a partir de registros en tesis publicadas e inéditas, e informes técnicos finales de proyectos del Invemar. El inventario más reciente publicado para las aguas marinas sudamericanas contiene algunos de los registros, pero deja fuera otros que se incluyen en este documento. Existe registro de 63 especies de sifonóforos en aguas marinas colombianas, 45 en el Mar Caribe y 46 en el Océano Pacífico oriental, de las familias Abylidae (9 especies), Diphyidae (30 especies), Hippopodiidae (5 especies), Prayidae (4 especies), Rhizophysidae (3 especies), Physaliidae (1 especie), Agalmatidae (9 especies), Apolemiidae (1 especie) y Physophoridae (1 especie).

Pulmonary ultrasound has proven to be a tool that has been positioning itself in different specialties.Faced with the pandemic that affects us, this tool can be useful for making a diagnosis and screening of the state of the lung and thus generating a system that allows patients who have a normal or mildly compromised lung examination to be referred to their homes.While patients with greater lung involvement are admitted and managed in units of different complexity. RESUMENEl ultrasonido pulmonar ha demostrado ser una herramienta que ha ido posicionándose en diferentes especialidades.Frente a la pandemia que nos afecta esta herramienta puede ser útil para realizar un diagnóstico y un screening del estado del pulmón y así generar un sistema que permita derivar a sus casas a los pacientes que tengan un examen pulmonar normal o con leve compromiso.Mientras que los enfermos que tengan mayor compromiso pulmonar sean ingresados y manejados en unidades de diferente complejidad.

El cáncer cérvico uterino (CaCu) corresponde al 10% de los cánceres femeninos, se describe prevenible y con viabilidad de curación, no obstante, con la optimización de las terapias las sobrevivientes superan los cinco años en el 70% de los casos, evidenciando efectos adversos producto principalmente del tratamiento que deterioran la calidad de vida e impactan sobre su sexualidad. Objetivo: Identificar efectos de la enfermedad y tratamiento que comprometen la calidad de vida sexual de la mujer con CaCu. Metodología: Revisión de artículos originales entre los años 2010 y 2019 desde las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo, Google Académico, Science Direct, Elsevier, Redalyc, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, Dialnet y Ovid, seleccionando 51 artículos de 90 en inglés, español y portugués a texto completo, que reportaran efectos físicos y psicosociales que comprometieran la calidad de vida sexual de mujeres con CaCu. Resultados: La sexualidad de estas mujeres es impactada por efectos físicos, relacionadas con el estadio de la enfermedad y tratamiento como dispareunia, anorgasmia, alteraciones digestivas, urinarias, insomnio, inapetencia, linfedema y neuropatía periférica. Desde el ámbito psicosocial manifiestan efectos sobre su autoestima, depresión e inseguridad en la permanencia del vínculo de pareja. Emerge la comunicación sexual de pareja como condición categórica en el nivel de afectación de la calidad de vida sexual. Conclusiones: la sexualidad de la mujer con CaCu está comprometida por efectos físicas y psicosociales secundarias principalmente al tratamiento recibido. La comunicación sexual de pareja surge como interviniente para superar estos efectos y debe considerarse en la atención profesional.

Designing and developing training processes that start from the analysis of contextualized problems is the purpose of Problem-Based Learning (PBL), an interesting methodology in Engineering careers to achieve meaningful learning. The general purpose of this article was to present the implementation of the PBL in the Resistance of Materials subject in the Civil Engineering degree at the University of Valparaíso, in three different years. This was a strategy to evaluate and provide feedback on learning results regarding specific and generic competences, in their first level of mastery. The results revealed that this methodology had strengths and weaknesses regarding the level of achievement in team work-related transversal competences, self-regulation, and communication. Also, there was a rise in engineering competencies such as the application of tools for the analysis of a problem. The perception of the students regarding learning gains was also analysed and contrasted with their academic results. This provided feedback on students’ performance which the permanent curricular committee of the degree can use to make decisions and carry out macro or micro curricular adjustments. In general, improvements were reported for the formation of work teams, thus optimizing academic performance. Diseñar y desarrollar procesos formativos que partan del análisis de problemas contextualizados es el fin del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP), una metodología interesante en las carreras de Ingeniería para lograr aprendizajes significativos. El propósito general de este artículo es dar a conocer la implementación del ABP en la asignatura de Resistencia de Materiales de la carrera de Ingeniería Civil en la Universidad de Valparaíso, en tres cohortes/años diferentes como estrategia para evaluar y retroalimentar el logro de los resultados de aprendizaje esperados de las competencias específicas y genéricas, en su primer nivel de dominio. Los resultados muestran que esta metodología contribuyó a evidenciar fortalezas y debilidades en el nivel de logro de las competencias transversales de trabajo en equipo, autorregulación y comunicación. Además, es útil para evidenciar el desarrollo de competencias propias de la ingeniería como la aplicación de herramientas para el análisis de un problema. También se analiza la percepción sobre ganancia de aprendizaje de los estudiantes y se contrasta con los resultados académicos, retroalimentando el nivel de desempeño de los estudiantes con la docencia implementada y así lograr una evidencia para que el comité curricular permanente de la carrera pueda puedan tomar decisiones y llevar a cabo ajustes macro o micro curriculares. En general, se concluye que, en los distintos semestres de implementación del ABP se logran mejoras para la formación de los equipos de trabajo, optimizando así el desempeño académico.

La imagen digital, al abordarse desde el prisma artístico o cinematográfico, requiere traspasar las barreras que delimitan lo audiovisual a una práctica artística determinada y considerar el problema socio-político, e incluso ontológico, que hoy plantea. Este problema consiste en un proceso de de-subjetivación que impone el discurso digital. Al respecto, tres tesis importantes conducen este artículo. En primer lugar, la imagen digital es pensada como presentación o interfaz de un mundo estructurado por el lenguaje, siendo este último el verdadero operador de los procesos de de-subjetivación. Esto implica, en segundo lugar, que los procesos de subjetivación son posibles en el trabajo audiovisual en la medida en que pueden subvertir la imagen digital; es decir, separarla de su código. En tercer lugar, una mirada analítica nos indica que la tradición del cine ensayo es fundamental para comprender este trabajo de subversión subjetiva de la imagen en esta época digital, dado que sus ejes principales son la apuesta por la subjetivación y la resistencia al lenguaje, la codificación y la clasificación.

A17 amacrine cells are an important part of the scotopic pathway. Their synaptic varicosities receive glutamatergic inputs from rod bipolar cells (RBC) and release GABA onto the same RBC terminal, forming a reciprocal feedback that shapes RBC depolarization. Here, using patch-clamp recordings, we characterized electrical coupling between A17 cells of the rat retina and report the presence of strongly interconnected and non-coupled A17 cells. In coupled A17 cells, evoked currents preferentially flow out of the cell through GJs and cross-synchronization of presynaptic signals in a pair of A17 cells is correlated to their coupling degree. Moreover, we demonstrate that stimulation of one A17 cell can induce electrical and calcium transients in neighboring A17 cells, thus confirming a functional flow of information through electrical synapses in the A17 coupled network. Finally, blocking GJs caused a strong decrease in the amplitude of the inhibitory feedback onto RBCs. We therefore propose that electrical coupling between A17 cells enhances feedback onto RBCs by synchronizing and facilitating GABA release from inhibitory varicosities surrounding each RBC axon terminal. GJs between A17 cells are therefore critical in shaping the visual flow through the scotopic pathway.