Legal research paper is a genre widely used by experts in the legal community. However, empiric rhetoric-discursive descriptions of the features in legal writing for the Spanish speaking community and, especially, the Chilean community are scarce, despite its relevance. Therefore, the objective is to describe the rhetoric-discursive organization of this genre inserted in the academic discourse in the legal science field to expand the knowledge of the written production at a rhetoric level. A Swalesian Genre Analysis was carried out to fulfill the objective, and a microcorpus of 25 texts was collected from a larger ecological corpus that gathered academic productions of domestic teaching related to the principle of equality. The analysis identified macromoves, moves and rhetorical steps, communicative functions, and text features. The resulting rhetorical model was formed by 3 macromoves, 8 moves and 15 steps. The argumentation core is that macromove is crucial to understand how dogmatic people build their discourse about the principle of equality, mainly using authority, concept, and pragmatic arguments based on knowledge and logos. Some rhetoric patterns are described as preferred by the discursive community. Finally, the results provide useful information for genre theory, description of the Spanish language in specialized fields, and discourse studies of the legal community.

Chile has become the first country in the world where an equal number of men and women will draft the new Constitution due a parity law that was passed in March 2020. In addition, this historic opportunity will take place during one of the worst health pandemics in recorded history, COVID-19, which has revealed deep gender inequalities. The new Chilean Constitution, drafted with gender parity, will have a unique opportunity to grant a right to a universal basic income (UBI), which has been targeted to address some of the worst consequences of the pandemic: the increase in poverty, unemployment, and vulnerability of women. This article reviews the theories developed to justify a UBI and the feminist critics who argue that not all UBI is equally advantageous to women. The misconception that a ‘morally neutral’ model is sufficient and women-friendly disregards the way in which it encourages stereotypes that feminists have fought for centuries. We argue for the development of public policies with a gender focus, especially the right to a ‘gendered UBI’. This means a UBI that meets two basic requirements: first, that every citizen or resident be guaranteed the same amount of income from birth; second, that caregivers be provided with management rights to turn the UBI into a compensatory income that can also promote changes in gender roles, encouraging men to become caregivers.

Chile made several legal, practical and educational changes to the organ donation and transplant system in recent years, to improve its results. However, studies evaluating these reforms and suggesting further corrections are still pending. Our aim is to assess the new regulations and their reception by both the population and health care providers. Proposals are made to promote the development of a model of Chilean transplantation able to respond to the needs of the population.

The concept of “politics of the end” assumes the catastrophe of living in a world that produces new forms of accumulation and allows symbolic and semiotic capital to create value. Currently, various far-right movements worldwide seem to appropriate this concept, employing radical communication strategies as a repertoire to contest the public agenda. These strategies include the massive creation of bots on social networks to spread hate speech and coordinate ideological manifestations. This article seeks to verify the use of these strategies by the Chilean far-right on Twitter. For the above, a social network analysis approach is proposed during the current socio-political crisis in Chile, which began with the massive protests of October 2019 and led to an unprecedented constituent process. For nine months, we studied five opinion leaders on Twitter from the Chilean far-right, who together have more than 600 thousand followers and almost 130 thousand followings. Through descriptive, quantitative, and qualitative techniques, an explicit political action “from the resistance” is revealed in the activity of the network, which includes hundreds of new users and coordinated bots to disseminate identifiable discourses with strongly ideological ideas. This coordination also presents identifiable differences in how opinion leaders interact and communicate with their network environment.

A Savior Sibling is a child who is born to provide an organ, bone marrow or cell transplant, to a sibling that is affected with a fatal disease. There are created with the in vitro fertilization and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and, in the process, the ethical standards for organ donation of children become less demanding. Therefore, we propose that the authorization of the technique considers, unavoidably, the opinion of an impartial third party that can guarantee the welfare of the child. We develop a critical analysis of the laws that regulate the creation of babies to serve as organ donors. We evaluate under what circumstances the organizations that play a part in the decisions, fulfill the ethical standards to allow the organ donation of children.

Abstract This article proposes to see the history of the international law on foreign investment as about the promotion of investor rights as much as the resistance to investor obligations. The argument is that the divide between investment protection and the responsibility of foreign investors is one of the most significant features of international investment law. The article shows that the different treatment of rights and obligations is grounded in the same business project and legal imagination. Maintaining this divide has never been easy, as this model faced resistance, particularly from Latin America, trade unions and human rights activists. The analysis concludes by noting that academics can contribute to reimagining the international law on foreign investment by bringing investment treaty law and business and human rights closer. This shift is already happening.

This paper aims to examine, by applying the dogmatic legal method, the standards that the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has set in recognizing the right to health of patients belonging to certain vulnerable groups. In this situation the State appears to be failing to comply with these standards in the two cases it has heard on this subject, the legal and public health policy changes that have been introduced in the last two decades to strengthen the rights of these patients, and the challenges that remain. The cases examined are convictions for violation of the right to life and personal integrity and the right to health of an elderly person; and the judgment declaring the violation of the rights to life, a dignified life, personal integrity, childhood, health, and social security of a girl with a disability.

Este trabajo pretende fundamentar desde la didáctica y la estética la inclusión del visionado de películas en las aulas de derecho. Mediante el análisis de la película “Tony Manero” (2008) del director Pablo Larraín, se abordarán, en primer lugar, las características que posee la clase magistral trascendente como espacio abierto a distintos intervinientes, medios y saberes (en contraste con la clase magistral meramente expositiva), para luego presentar la teoría de Jacques Rancière sobre el régimen estético del arte que, en su aplicación al cine, se funda en lo que él llama la “tragedia en suspenso”. Esta conjunción interdisciplinaria nos dará la pauta para volver a comprender fenómenos pertenecientes al Derecho (la violencia en este caso) en su total complejidad, permitiendo así la emancipación intelectual del estudiante y del espacio de enseñanza-aprendizaje.

Having elapse over fifteen years since the enactment of Act No. 20.123, the purpose of this work is to critically review the way in which Supreme Court’s case law has interpreted the liability of the project’s principal company for the accidents suffered by workers of contracting and subcontracting companies.

Universidad de Valparaíso

Universidad de Valparaíso

Identifying the clinical needs to evaluate and manage the treatment and monitoring of cancer patients is a multidimensional challenge in healthcare institutions. In this regard, electronic health records (EHRs) are beneficial for managing clinical information; however, EHRs focused exclusively on patients with cancer have not been sufficiently adopted. In Chile, the need for oncology EHR has only been briefly addressed, resulting in insufficient updated and systematized information on oncology patients. In this paper, we propose the design of an oncology EHR that manages critical variables and processes for the treatment and monitoring of patients with cancer in Chile. We used a systematic methodology to design a software architecture oriented to focus groups and interviews to elicit the requirements and needs of stakeholders. We created and described an EHR design that considers four modules that group and manage the main variables and processes that are critical for treating and monitoring oncology patients. Enabling and designing a treatment and monitoring registry for cancer patients in Chile is essential because it allows for the evaluation of strategic clinical decisions in favor of patients.

El presente trabajo aborda críticamente la influencia del discurso político y filosófico en la comprensión de los derechos fundamentales, particularmente desde la crítica a las nociones de sujeto abstracto y titularidad universal. Este ejercicio propone la noción de diferencia como complemento epistémico para la comprensión de estos derechos, que permita situar a sus titulares en la materialidad que condiciona el ejercicio. Esta exploración tiene como horizonte una reconstrucción del discurso de los derechos desde una epistemología materialista de la diferencia y la subalternidad, que considere dicha condición en su ejercicio, especialmente cuando se trata de garantizar la igualdad de personas pertenecientes a grupos sociales cuya identidad se configura, como en el caso de las personas migrantes, desde la diferencia.

Globally, STS is intrinsically associated with David Bloor’s symmetry principle (1976). As we know, symmetry is a geometry idealization. Applied to linguistic issues, symmetry could mean that when ...

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El resurgimiento de la víctima, como sujeto de interés para las ciencias criminológicas y el derecho penal,ha provocado la necesidad de cuestionarse si los tradicionales modelos de justicia penal son adecuados para satisfacer sus intereses, considerando que se trata de un protagonista del conflicto penal. Recogiendo diversas experiencias restaurativas y con apoyo de la victimología más moderna, los sistemas de justicia penal dejan de enfocarse solo en el castigo al infractor penal y se abren a la adopción de programas de justicia restaurativa, que reconocen en la víctima un sujeto titular del derecho a la reparación del daño.

El trabajo explora la siguiente hipótesis: el capital informacional de los “nativos digitales” es menor de lo esperado y, en ese sentido, su inclusión digital es débil. Las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones cumplen la labor de integración social de los ciudadanos del nuevo milenio, quienes estarían digitalmente “incluidos” cuando su capital informacional les permite participar igualitariamente de las oportunidades que brinda “esta” sociedad, al acceder a estas nuevas tecnologías para mejorar sus condiciones de vida diarias y facilitar sus tareas en el mundo del trabajo. En nuestro estudio nos hemos centrado en la exploración del concepto de capital informacional desde una óptica operacional cuantitativa, que discute formulaciones anteriores y sintetiza hallazgos recientes. Para ello, se aplicó una encuesta online a una muestra de universitarios chilenos de ambos sexos, entre 17 y 29 años, pertenecientes a programas de estudio en dos universidades, bajo el supuesto que por nivel educacional y edad son típicamente “ciudadanos digitales”, esto es, nativos digitales “incluidos” en la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento. Las principales conclusiones apuntan a que existen habilidades digitales que poseen los estudiantes, como las aquí llamadas “protocolares”, al mismo tiempo que se observa la carencia de algunas habilidades técnicas básicas para el mundo del trabajo. Finalmente, se constata que se podría aclarar más la potencialidad descriptiva del constructo “Capital informacional”, actualizando las habilidades y competencias digitales para comprender mejor el significado de ser digitalmente alfabeto hoy, que es una condición para una inclusión digital efectiva.

El presente trabajo tiene por finalidad determinar si el acuerdo de unión civil, incorporado a la legislación chilena a través de la Ley n.º 20.830, es un contrato patrimonial, como lo señala su artículo primero, o un acto jurídico de derecho de familia. La adopción de una u otra opción redundará en la aplicación del principio de la autonomía privada a dicho contrato. La tesis que se sustenta es que se trata de un acto jurídico de derecho de familia y, como consecuencia de lo anterior, el principio de la autonomía privada aparece muy restringido en este acuerdo, de manera que quienes celebren el acuerdo de unión civil en Chile no podrán alterar el contenido de las disposiciones legales que lo rigen.

The purpose of this paper is to offer a explanation regarding the evidentiary valuation of commercial public documents in which a diversity of concurring criteria are considered, assigning a preference to the legal criteria derived from the objectives of public trust in Commercial Law. We abandon the categories that the doctrine denominates “Legal Proof” and “Free Proof”, and propose an integrated perspective of the elements that participate in the judicial activity of evidentiary valuation and decision on facts. We hold the need to maintain a communion between, on one hand, the measures established by Commercial Law to reach a safe and efficient development of trade and, on the other hand, the judgement of facts in processes where matters regarding commercial acts, contracts and operations are being discussed